Subjective image-quality measurement plays a critical role in the development of image-processing applications. The purpose of a visual-quality metric is to approximate the results of subjective assessment. In this regard, more and more metrics are under development, but little research has considered their limitations. This paper addresses that deficiency: we show how image preprocessing before compression can artificially increase the quality scores provided by the popular metrics DISTS, LPIPS, HaarPSI, and VIF as well as how these scores are inconsistent with subjective-quality scores. We propose a series of neural-network preprocessing models that increase DISTS by up to 34.5%, LPIPS by up to 36.8%, VIF by up to 98.0%, and HaarPSI by up to 22.6% in the case of JPEG-compressed images. A subjective comparison of preprocessed images showed that for most of the metrics we examined, visual quality drops or stays unchanged, limiting the applicability of these metrics.

Domain adaptation of GANs is a problem of fine-tuning the state-of-the-art GAN models (e.g. StyleGAN) pretrained on a large dataset to a specific domain with few samples (e.g. painting faces, sketches, etc.). While there are a great number of methods that tackle this problem in different ways there are still many important questions that remain unanswered. In this paper, we provide a systematic and in-depth analysis of the domain adaptation problem of GANs, focusing on the StyleGAN model. First, we perform a detailed exploration of the most important parts of StyleGAN that are responsible for adapting the generator to a new domain depending on the similarity between the source and target domains. In particular, we show that affine layers of StyleGAN can be sufficient for fine-tuning to similar domains. Second, inspired by these findings, we investigate StyleSpace to utilize it for domain adaptation. We show that there exist directions in the StyleSpace that can adapt StyleGAN to new domains. Further, we examine these directions and discover their many surprising properties. Finally, we leverage our analysis and findings to deliver practical improvements and applications in such standard tasks as image-to-image translation and cross-domain morphing.

Our goal with this survey is to provide an overview of the state of the art deep learning technologies for face generation and editing. We will cover popular latest architectures and discuss key ideas that make them work, such as inversion, latent representation, loss functions, training procedures, editing methods, and cross domain style transfer. We particularly focus on GAN-based architectures that have culminated in the StyleGAN approaches, which allow generation of high-quality face images and offer rich interfaces for controllable semantics editing and preserving photo quality. We aim to provide an entry point into the field for readers that have basic knowledge about the field of deep learning and are looking for an accessible introduction and overview.

Steerable convolutional neural networks (CNNs) provide a general framework for building neural networks equivariant to translations and other transformations belonging to an origin-preserving group $G$, such as reflections and rotations. They rely on standard convolutions with $G$-steerable kernels obtained by analytically solving the group-specific equivariance constraint imposed onto the kernel space. As the solution is tailored to a particular group $G$, the implementation of a kernel basis does not generalize to other symmetry transformations, which complicates the development of group equivariant models. We propose using implicit neural representation via multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) to parameterize $G$-steerable kernels. The resulting framework offers a simple and flexible way to implement Steerable CNNs and generalizes to any group $G$ for which a $G$-equivariant MLP can be built. We apply our method to point cloud (ModelNet-40) and molecular data (QM9) and demonstrate a significant improvement in performance compared to standard Steerable CNNs.

Given a set of points in the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^\ell$ with $\ell>1$, the pairwise distances between the points are determined by their spatial location and the metric $d$ that we endow $\mathbb{R}^\ell$ with. Hence, the distance $d(\mathbf x,\mathbf y)=\delta$ between two points is fixed by the choice of $\mathbf x$ and $\mathbf y$ and $d$. We study the related problem of fixing the value $\delta$, and the points $\mathbf x,\mathbf y$, and ask if there is a topological metric $d$ that computes the desired distance $\delta$. We demonstrate this problem to be solvable by constructing a metric to simultaneously give desired pairwise distances between up to $O(\sqrt\ell)$ many points in $\mathbb{R}^\ell$. We then introduce the notion of an $\varepsilon$-semimetric $\tilde{d}$ to formulate our main result: for all $\varepsilon>0$, for all $m\geq 1$, for any choice of $m$ points $\mathbf y_1,\ldots,\mathbf y_m\in\mathbb{R}^\ell$, and all chosen sets of values $\{\delta_{ij}\geq 0: 1\leq i<j\leq m\}$, there exists an $\varepsilon$-semimetric $\tilde{\delta}:\mathbb{R}^\ell\times \mathbb{R}^\ell\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $\tilde{d}(\mathbf y_i,\mathbf y_j)=\delta_{ij}$, i.e., the desired distances are accomplished, irrespectively of the topology that the Euclidean or other norms would induce. We showcase our results by using them to attack unsupervised learning algorithms, specifically $k$-Means and density-based (DBSCAN) clustering algorithms. These have manifold applications in artificial intelligence, and letting them run with externally provided distance measures constructed in the way as shown here, can make clustering algorithms produce results that are pre-determined and hence malleable. This demonstrates that the results of clustering algorithms may not generally be trustworthy, unless there is a standardized and fixed prescription to use a specific distance function.

Early evaluation of patients who require special care and who have high death-expectancy in COVID-19, and the effective determination of relevant biomarkers on large sample-groups are important to reduce mortality. This study aimed to reveal the routine blood-value predictors of COVID-19 mortality and to determine the lethal-risk levels of these predictors during the disease process. The dataset of the study consists of 38 routine blood-values of 2597 patients who died (n = 233) and those who recovered (n = 2364) from COVID-19 in August-December, 2021. In this study, the histogram-based gradient-boosting (HGB) model was the most successful machine-learning classifier in detecting living and deceased COVID-19 patients (with squared F1 metrics F1^2 = 1). The most efficient binary combinations with procalcitonin were obtained with D-dimer, ESR, D-Bil and ferritin. The HGB model operated with these feature pairs correctly detected almost all of the patients who survived and those who died (precision > 0.98, recall > 0.98, F1^2 > 0.98). Furthermore, in the HGB model operated with a single feature, the most efficient features were procalcitonin (F1^2 = 0.96) and ferritin (F1^2 = 0.91). In addition, according to the two-threshold approach, ferritin values between 376.2 mkg/L and 396.0 mkg/L (F1^2 = 0.91) and pro-calcitonin values between 0.2 mkg/L and 5.2 mkg/L (F1^2 = 0.95) were found to be fatal risk levels for COVID-19. Considering all the results, we suggest that many features combined with these features, especially procalcitonin and ferritin, operated with the HGB model, can be used to achieve very successful results in the classification of those who live, and those who die from COVID-19. Moreover, we strongly recommend that clinicians consider the critical levels we have found for procalcitonin and ferritin properties, to reduce the lethality of the COVID-19 disease.

Approximation of entropies of various types using machine learning (ML) regression methods are shown for the first time. The ML models presented in this study define the complexity of the short time series by approximating dissimilar entropy techniques such as Singular value decomposition entropy (SvdEn), Permutation entropy (PermEn), Sample entropy (SampEn) and Neural Network entropy (NNetEn) and their 2D analogies. A new method for calculating SvdEn2D, PermEn2D and SampEn2D for 2D images was tested using the technique of circular kernels. Training and testing datasets on the basis of Sentinel-2 images are presented (two training images and one hundred and ninety-eight testing images). The results of entropy approximation are demonstrated using the example of calculating the 2D entropy of Sentinel-2 images and R^2 metric evaluation. The applicability of the method for the short time series with a length from N = 5 to N = 113 elements is shown. A tendency for the R^2 metric to decrease with an increase in the length of the time series was found. For SvdEn entropy, the regression accuracy is R^2 > 0.99 for N = 5 and R^2 > 0.82 for N = 113. The best metrics were observed for the ML_SvdEn2D and ML_NNetEn2D models. The results of the study can be used for fundamental research of entropy approximations of various types using ML regression, as well as for accelerating entropy calculations in remote sensing. The versatility of the model is shown on a synthetic chaotic time series using Planck map and logistic map.

本文描述了为DAGPAP22开发的神经模型，该任务在第三次有关学术文档处理的研讨会上托管。这项共享的任务针对自动检测生成的科学论文。我们的工作着重于比较不同的基于变压器的模型，并使用其他数据集和技术来处理不平衡的类。作为最后的提交，我们利用了Scibert，Roberta和Deberta的合奏，并使用随机过采样技术进行了微调。我们的模型在F1得分方面达到了99.24％。官方评估结果使我们的系统排名第三。

深度学习归一化技术的基本特性，例如批准归一化，正在使范围前的参数量表不变。此类参数的固有域是单位球，因此可以通过球形优化的梯度优化动力学以不同的有效学习率（ELR）来表示，这是先前研究的。在这项工作中，我们使用固定的ELR直接研究了训练量表不变的神经网络的特性。我们根据ELR值发现了这种训练的三个方案：收敛，混乱平衡和差异。我们详细研究了这些制度示例的理论检查，以及对真实规模不变深度学习模型的彻底经验分析。每个制度都有独特的特征，并反映了内在损失格局的特定特性，其中一些与先前对常规和规模不变的神经网络培训的研究相似。最后，我们证明了如何在归一化网络的常规培训以及如何利用它们以实现更好的Optima中反映发现的制度。

当人体的各种参数在日常生活中立即监测并与物联网（IoT）相连时，医疗保健数字化需要有效的人类传感器方法。特别是，用于迅速诊断COVID-19的机器学习（ML）传感器是医疗保健和环境援助生活（AAL）的物联网应用的一个重要案例（AAL）。通过各种诊断测试和成像结果确定Covid-19的感染状态是昂贵且耗时的。这项研究的目的是基于常规的血值（RBV）值，为诊断CoVID-19的快速，可靠和经济的替代工具提供了一种。该研究的数据集由总共5296例患者组成，具有相同数量的阴性和阳性Covid-19测试结果和51个常规血值。在这项研究中，13个流行的分类器机器学习模型和LogNnet神经网络模型被逐渐消失。在检测疾病的时间和准确性方面，最成功的分类器模型是基于直方图的梯度提升（HGB）。 HGB分类器确定了11个最重要的特征（LDL，胆固醇，HDL-C，MCHC，甘油三酸酯，淀粉酶，UA，LDH，CK-MB，ALP和MCH），以100％准确性检测该疾病，学习时间6.39秒。此外，讨论了这些特征在疾病诊断中的单，双重和三组合的重要性。我们建议将这11个特征及其组合用作诊断疾病的ML传感器的重要生物标志物，从而支持Arduino和云物联网服务上的边缘计算。